Process and apparatus for forming novelty effect yarns

ABSTRACT

A process for producing a novelty effect yarn having stable protuberances along the length thereof including feeding core and effect yarns to a friction false twist assembly along spaced, substantially parallel paths, the effect yarn having an irregular undulation and undergoing a sudden change in direction from the spaced path to a junction point with the core yarn, the junction point being spaced upstream from the friction element of the friction false twist assembly and the distance between the junction point and the friction element varying. Apparatus for implementing the above process including a nozzle for projecting a fluid stream to move the effect yarn along a spaced, substantially parallel path relative to the core yarn.

United States Patent 1 Seguin 1 Sept. 4, 1973 [75] Inventor: PierreSeguin, Chavanoz, France [73] Assignee: Chavanoz S.A., Chavanoz, France[22] Filed: Mar. 24, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 237,823

[52] US. Cl. 57/34 R, 28/72.12, 57/34 B, 57/91, 57/157 R, 57/157 F [51]Int. Cl D0lh 7/92, D0lh 13/10, D02g 3/34 [58] Field of Search 57/34 R,34 B, 5l51.6, 57/77.377.45, 156, 157 R, 157 F, 160, 90, 91,106,140 BY;28/].3, 1.4, 72.11, 72.12

11/1970 Tanaka et a1. 57/51 X 8/1972 Sequin 57/34 R Pr me m n rfppne dki Attorney- Leonard W. Sherman. Edwin A. Shalloway et a1.

[57] ABSTRACT A process for producing a novelty effect yarn havingstable protuberances along the length thereof including feeding core andeffect yarns to a friction false twist assembly along spaced,substantially parallel paths, the effect yarn having an irregularundulation and undergoing a sudden change in direction from the spacedpath to a junction point with the core yarn, the junction point beingspaced upstream from the friction element of the friction false twistassembly and the distance between the junction point and the frictionelement varying. Apparatus for implementing the above process includinga nozzle for projecting a fluid stream to move the effect yarn along aspaced, substantially parallel path relative to the core yarn.

17 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING NOVELTYEFFECT YARNS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention Thepresent invention pertains to effect yarns and, more particularly, to aprocess and apparatus for forming novelty effect yarns havingprotuberances thereon, such as flake or flame yarns and the like.

2. Discussion of the Prior Art The manufacture of novelty effect yarnswith protuberances has been primarily implemented with the use ofspinning apparatus called throwers wherein at least two yarns areassembled, one of which is referred to as a core yarn and is covered bythe other which is referred to as an effect yarn. The effect yarn is fedin excess at a faster rate either regularly or irregularly with respectto the feeding of the core yarn in order to achieve the desired effect,which effect is generally stabilized and fixed by the application of athird yarn referred to as a binder. While the above described processprovides slubbed yarns with a stable effect, the process has thedisadvantage of being complex due to the necessity of utilizing a binderyarn and further can operate only at a low rate in that the throwers arenot operable at a speed in excess of 20 meters per minute.

Several solutions to the above described disadvantages have beenproposed recently. Thus, in U. S. Pat. No. 3,508,389 a process isproposed wherein a novelty effect yarn is manufactured by false twistassembly of a core yarn and an effect yarn fed in excess with respect tothe core yarn, and the effect is stabilized by means of a binder yarnapplied during the false twist operation. This process has thedisadvantage of being relatively expensive due primarily to therequirement of the use of the binder yarn. In French Pat. No. 2,043,462a process is proposed wherein a novelty effect yarn is manufactured byfalse twist assembly by friction of at least two yarns or slivers, atleast one of which is fed in excess with respect to the other. Whilethis process permits the production of slubbed novelty yarns at highspeeds, the yarns produced thereby have the disadvantage of lackingeffect stability.

In U. S. Patent application Ser. No. 188,776 filed Oct. 13, 1971, byapplicant and entitled Effect Yarn And Process For Forming The Same, itis proposed to produce a novelty effect yarn characterized in at leastone length having alternated helicoidal curls or crimps by a processwherein at least two yarns are false twist friction assembled with oneof the yarns fed in excess with respect to the other yarn. The processis particularly characterized in that the two yarns are passed over afriction element and the point ofjunction of the yarns freely oscillatesbetween two positions upstream of the friction element. While suchprocess is extremely advantageous and represents an improvement over theprior art, such process does not yield novelty effect yarns havingsubstantially stable protuberances since the two yarns can be separatedafter treatment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the presentinvention to provide a process and apparatus for forming novelty effectyarns having stable protuberances along their length at high speedswithout the use of a binder yarn.

The present invention is generally characterized in a process forproducing a novelty effect yarn having stable protuberances along thelength thereof including feeding a core yarn to a friction false twistassembly along a first path, feeding at least one effect yarn to thefriction false twist assembly under low tension at a rate in excess ofthe feeding rate of the core yarn along a second path in spacedsubstantially parallel relation to the first path, joining the core andeffect yarns at a junction point upstream of the friction element of thefriction false twist assembly such that the effect yarn undergoes asudden change in direction from the second path to the junction point,and varying the distance between the junction point and the frictionelement of the friction false twist assembly. The present invention isfurther generally characterized in apparatus for implementing the abovedescribed process including a yarn supply device for maintaining thespaced substantially parallel relation between the core and effect yarnsin the supply zone.

Another object of the present invention is that, in a friction falsetwist assembly process for forming a novelty effect yarn, an effect yarnis supplied in excess with respect to a core yarn and under very lowtension, preferably less than 5 g.

A further object of the present invention is to supply a core yarn andan effect yarn to a friction false twist assembly in substantially thesame direction but separate or spaced from each other, the effect yarnundergoing a sudden change of direction just prior to the junction pointwith the core yarn, the point of junction of the core and effect yarnsbeing spaced from the friction element of the friction false twistassembly by an arbitrarily varying distance.

The present invention has another object in that core and effect yarnsare joined prior to delivery to a friction false twist assembly andcontact the friction element surfaces of such assembly over asubstantial portion of the periphery thereof, the friction elementsurface being, preferably, toroidal, and the portion or are thereofcontacting the joined yarns is between 30 and 120, advantageously closeto 90.

It is an additional object of the present invention to maintain thetension of a core yarn supplied to a friction false twist assemblygenerally between 20 and g for yarns between 78 and 235 dtex, thetension varying with the tites of the core'yam, and to maintain thetension of one or more effect yarns fed in excess with respect to thecore yarn at substantially zero, from a practical standpoint generallybetween 1 and 2.5g and, preferably, less than 5g.

An additional object of the present invention is to supply core andeffect yarns to a friction false twist assembly through a supply zonewith the yarns separated or spaced from each other during a length ofmovement dependent upon the nature of the yarns but not less than 5cm.Further, the distance between the point of junction of the core andeffect yarns and the friction element of the friction false twistassembly is main tained not less than about 1cm with this distanceconstantly varying between the 1cm minimum and a maximum of 20cm duringoperation due to the shifting of the point of junction of the yarns, thefrequency of the shifting junction point being random.

The present invention has a further object in that core and effect yarnsare spaced upstream of their point of junction prior to application of afirction false twist assembly, the core yarn moving in a straight lineand the effect yarn moving with irregular undulation in a generaldirection that is substantially parallel to the direction of movement ofthe core yarn but preferably having a tendecny or direction to slightlymove away from the core yarn. The separation between the core and effectyarns where they are moving side-by-side is less than 1cm and preferablyon the order of 0.5cm, the angle formed by the directions of the twoyarns being preferably less than 30.

Another object of the present invention is to provide apparatus formaintaining the spacing of the core and effect yarns with respect toeach other and for controlling the change of direction of the effectyarn prior to joining with the core yarn without utilizing mechanicallymoving elements, and preferably by utilizing fluid flow, particularlyair moving parallel to the core yarn and in the same direction andpreferably tends to separate slightly the direction of the effect yarnwith respect to the direction of the core yarn.

Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide apparatusfor manufacturing a novelty effect yarn having protuberances includingmeans for deilvering an effect yarn and a core yarn to a false twistassembly with the effect yarn spaced from the core yarn over a portionof the supply path such that the core and effect yarns both move insubstantially the same or parallel directions toward the false twistassembly.

The present invention has an additional object in the provision of anovelty effect yarn having irregular protuberances of the flake yarntype or like, wherein such novelty effect yarn is composed of at leasttwo yarns, one forming the core and the other the effect and beingcharacterized in that between protuberances the effect yarn is slightlytwisted and tangled about the core yarn.

Some of the advantages of the present invention over the prior art arethat novelty effect yarns may be produced having stable protuberanceswithout sacrificing high speed.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will becomeapparent from the following description of the preferred embodimenttaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustrationof apparatus for forming novelty effect yarns according to the presentinvention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial diagrammatic view of the twisting,delivery and supply zones of the apparatus of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section of the yarn supply device of theapparatus of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a section taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 3.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Apparatus for forming noveltyeffect yarns in accordance with the present invention is illustrated inFIG. I and includes a friction false twist spindle assembly carrying afriction ring 12 in a twisting zone at one end thereof and a frictionring 14 in an untwisting zone at the opposite end thereof. As is known,the friction false twist spindle assembly 10 is rotated, for instance bymeans of a belt 16 and has a central passage through which the yarnpasses between friction ring 12, which defines a twisting point for aplurality of yarns, and friction ring 14, which defines an untwistingpoint for the yarns.

A core yarn 18 is supplied from a bobbin 20 through a pigtail guide 22to a rotary or friction tensioning device 24; and, after passing aroundthe tensioning device 24, the core yarn 18 is supplied through a guide26 to be delivered through delivery and supply zones to friction ring 12in a substantially straight path. An effect yarn 28 is supplied from abobbin 30 through a pigtail guide 32 to a delivery device 34 composed ofa pair of rollers having their rotational speed regulated to control therate of delivery of the effect yarn 28. From the delivery device 24 theeffect yarn 28 is supplied to a yarn supply device 36 which has fluid,such as air under high pressure, supplied to an inlet 38 thereof. Yarnsupply device 36 has an outlet 40 spaced from guide 26, and the effectyarn 28 is delivered from the outlet 40 through delivery and supplyzones to the friction element 12. The effect yarn 28 travels over avarying supply zone distance I. in a direction substantially parallel tothe path of travel of the core yarn 18 and suddenly changes direction at41 to join core yarn 18 at a junction point J which is spaced from thefriction ring 12 by a varying delivery zone distance L The core andeffect yarns are twisted at friction ring 12, moved through a centralpassage in the friction false twist assembly 10 and untwisted as theyexit from friction ring 14 to be moved past guide elements such asrollers 42 and 44 prior to being wound on a spool 46 rotated by adriving roller 48 as a novelty effect yarn with stable protuberancesalong its length.

The yarn supply device 36 is illustrated in FIG. 3 and includes agenerally cylindrical nozzle 49 having a small diameter bore 50receiving air from inlet 38 and communicating with a coaxial bore 52having a larger diameter than the diameter of bore 50. The effect yarn28 enters the nozzle 36 at the junction of bores 50 and 52 through anaperture 54 such that the expansion of the compressed air flowingthrough bore 50 aids in the movement of the effect yarn. As the effectyarn exists from outlet 40 along with the air, the effect yarn is heldaway from the core yarn over the supply zone length L, such that theeffect yarn experiences a sudden change of direction at 41 when it joinsthe core yarn at junction J and experiences undulating, irregularmovement in the supply zone. The fore 50 preferably has a diameter ofbetween 0.5 and 1.5 mm, and the diameter of bore 52 is preferably atleast twice that of bore 50. The length of each of bores 50 and 52 ispreferably between 1 and 5 cm, and the air pressure required, which maybe adjustable by anywell known device, may be maintained low and neednot exceed 2 kilograms per centimeter square, the air flowing throughnozzle 49 having a substantially laminar pattern.

Preferably, the core yarn guide 26 is integrally formed with nozzle 49such that the yarn supply device controls the delivery of the core andeffect yarns relative to each other; and, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and4, the guide 26 is advantageously secured to the nozzle 49 by means of abolt 56 mounted on the guide 26 and extending through a slot 58 in abracket 60, which is fixed to nozzle 49, to engage a nut 62 such thatthe nozzle and guide can be rotatably adjusted relative to each otherwhereby the effect yarn can be provided with an initial directionslightly away from the path of the core yarn and such that the spacingbetween the core and effect yarns over the supply zone portion L, can beadjusted. The specific structure of yarn supply device 36, as describedabove, is for exemplary purposes only, and

it will be appreciated that nozzle 49 can have any desirableconfiguration. for instance with a bore therethrough having a uniformdiameter over its entire length and for the effect yarns being deliveredto the nozzle at the same orifice as the air. The design feature of theyarn supply device that is of primary importance is that the air flowsubstantially parallel to the path of travel of the core yarn; that is,the axis of the nozzle should be maintained substantially parallel oronly slightly divergent with respect to the core yarn.

The forming of the novelty effect yarn in accordance with the presentinvention will be better understood with reference to FIG. 2 which is anenlarged view of the delivery and supply zones and friction ring 12 ofthe friction false twist assembly of F IG. 1. The effect yarn 28 isoverfed or fed in excess with respect to the core yarn l8, and the flowof air from nozzle 49 indicated by arrows 64 holds the effect yarn inspaced position from the core yarn through the supply zone L As theforce of the flow of air is dissipated, the effect yarn -28 undergoes asubstantial 90 change in direction at 41 to join with the core yarn 18at junction point J spaced a distance L; from a friction ring 12corresponding to the delivery zone. Since the effect yarn 28 is heldfreely by the air stream exiting from nozzle 49, the junction point J ofthe core and effect yarns will be unstable due to the variances betweenthe force of the air stream and the force created by the twist imposedby rotation of the friction ring 12. Accordingly, the junction point Jof the core and effect yarns will shift periodically to vary the lengthsL and L of the delivery and supply zones thereby permitting the effectyarn 28 to form loops around the core yarn 18 of varying sizes andconfigurations. The loops, as clearly shown in FIG. 2, roll and twistboth with respect to each other and on the core yarn as the core andeffect yarns pass over friction ring 12 thereby forming irregularprotuberances stably fixed 0n the core yarn.

At the point 41 where the effect yarn 28 undergoes a sudden change ofdirection to join the core yam 18, the effect yarn 28 tends to divergeslightly from the direction or path of travel of core yarn 18 asindicated at 66. Furthermore, for some applications it is desirable toorient the air flow 64 to move the effect yarn 28 in a directionslightly diverging from the direction of the core yarn 18, suchorientation of the air flow being easily affected by loosening nut 62and slightly turnlng nozzle 49 and guide 26 relative to each other. Ofcourse, it will be appreciated that either nozzle 49 or guide 26 may bemaintained stationary with the other being rotatable and slidablerelative thereto.

The supply zone length L, is advantageously maintained greater than cm.and the minimum length L, for the delivery zone should be maintained at1cm. with L varying between the minimum of- 1cm. and a maximum of 20cm.as the junction point J shifts.

The angle of the sudden change of direction at 41 through which theeffect yarn passes is between 60 and 100 and, accordingly, it will beappreciated that the expression sudden change in direction withreference to the effect yarn is meant to encompass this range. It hasbeen stated above that the core and effect yarns are moved through thesupply zone in substantially the same direction or in substantiallyparallel paths, however, it should be understood that the paths ordirections of the core and effect yarns preferably tend to divergeslightly from each other; the angle between the core and effect yarnsbeing less than and. preferably, less than 30.

The process and product of the present invention will now be describedin connection with the following example, which example is presented forpurposes of illustration only; and the present invention is in no way tobe deemed as limited thereto.

EXAMPLE A novelty effect yarn is produced utilizing the apparatus ofFIG. 1 with the delivery device for the effect yarn being a compressedair nozzle whose characteristics are as follows:

length of bore 50: 2 cm diameter of bore 50: l.5cm

length of bore 52: 2cm

diameter of bore 52: 2.5 mm

For the core yarn, there is used a polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn, 233dtex, 34 strands, 20 Z twists per meter.

For the effect yarn, there is used a polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn,33 dtex, 28 strands, 20 Z twists per meter.

Operating conditions are as follows:

tension of core yarn 70 g tension of effect yarn l 2 g winding speed195' m/min excess feed as determined by Length of effect yarn/ Length ofcore yarn X speed of rotation of the friction false twist assemblyspindle 15,000 rpm direction of rotation of the pin S air pressure2kg/crn minimal distance L, between the junction point 1 of the core andeffect yarns and the friction element surface 5 cm minimal distance L,between the junction point J of the core and effect yarns and the nozzle10 cm distance between nozzle and friction element 25cm spacing betweenthe core yarn and the effect yarn at the outlet of the nozzle 0.5 cm

path of the core and effect yarns substantially parallel at the nozzleoutlet.

The yarn produced had the form of a novelty effect yarn withprotuberances formed by the effect yarn firmly bound to the core yarn,the effect yarn between two protuberances being tangled and twistedabout the core yarn.

From the above it will be appreciated that in accordance with thepresent invention a novelty effect yarn may be manufactured'at extremelyhigh speeds without requiring a binder yarn to stabilize protuberancesalong its length in that the core and effect yarns are moved alongspaced paths prior to their point of junction, the core yarn moving in astraight line and the effect yarn moving with an irregular undulation ina general direction substantially parallel to that of the core yarn.Advantageously, the general direction or path of travel of the effectyarn slightly diverges or has a tendency to move away from the directionof the core yarn. The spacing or separation between the core and effectyarns where they exit from the yarn supply device 36 is normally lessthan 1cm and preferably on the order of 0.5cm.

The apparatus according to the present invention maintains the spacingbetween the core and effect yarns in the supply zone and permits thesudden change of direction of the effect yarn prior to joining with thecore yarn without requiring mechanical elements or otherwise contactingthe yarns by establishing the undulating path for the effect yarn bymeans of a fluid stream, preferably air, moving parallel to the coreyarns and in the same direction, preferably slightly diverging from thedirection of the core yarn.

The combination core and effect yarns should contact a major portion ofthe surface of the friction element as previously explained; and,consequently, the angle formed by the longitudinal axis of rotation ofthe friction false twist assembly spindle and the longitudinal axis ofthe yarn supply device should be maintained between 60 and 100,preferably about 90. While the longitudinal axis of rotation of thefriction false twist assembly spindle has been illustrated as beingvertical, such spindle may be disposed with its longitudinal axishorizontal in which case the yarn supply device will have itslongitudinal axis disposed vertically with the fluid flow therethroughbeing preferably from top to bottom.

The novelty effect yarn produced by the apparatus and process of thepresent invention may be varied by adjusting the pressure of fluidsupplied to the yarn supply device in that since the pressure requiredfor adequate fluid flow is small, the adjustment thereof permits theincreasing or decreasing of the length L, of the supply area duringwhich the core and effect yarns are spaced from each other.

Inasmuch as the present invention is subject to many variations,modifications and changes in detail, it is intended that all matterdescribed above or shown in the accompanying drawings by interpreted asillustrative and not in a limiting sense.

What is claimed is: g

l. A process for producing a novelty effect yarn having stableprotuberances along the length thereof comprising the steps of feeding acore yarn to a friction false twist assembly through a supply zone alonga first path;

feeding at least one effect yarn to the friction false twist assemblyunder low tension at a rate in excess of the feed rate of the core yarnthrough the supply zone along a second path in spaced, substantiallyparallel relation to the first path;

joining the core and effect yarns at a junction point upstream of thefriction element of the friction false twist assembly such that theeffect yarn undergoes a sudden change in direction from the second pathto the junction point; and

varying the distance between the junction point and the friction elementof the friction false twist assembly.

2. The process as recited in claim 1 wherein said effect yarn feedingstep includes feeding the effect yarn at a tension less than 5g. and ata rate greater than 150 percent in excess of the feeding rate of thecore yarn.

3. The process as recited in claim 1 wherein the first and second pathsdiverge slightly before the sudden change in direction of the effectyarn.

4; The process as recited in claim 3 wherein the first and second pathsin the supply zone are spaced by a distance on the order of 0.5cm;

5. The process as recited in claim 1 wherein the sudden change ofdirection of the effect yarn is through an angle from 60 to 120.

6. The process as recited in claim I wherein the core and effect yarnsare spaced in the supply zone along a distance of at least 10cm. and thedistance between the junction point and the friction element of thefriction false twist assembly is maintained greater than 1cm.

7. The process as recited in claim I wherein said core yarn feeding stepincludes moving the core yarn along the first path in a straight lineand said effect yarn feeding step includes moving the effect yarn alongthe second path with irregular undulations.

8. The process as recited in claim 7 wherein said effect yarn feedingstep includes carrying the effect yarn along the second path with afluid stream.

9. The process as recited in claim 8 wherein the fluid stream isdirected in parallel with the first path of the core yarn through thesupply zone.

10. The process as recited in claim 8 wherein the fluid flow is directedat a slight angle away from the core yarn.

11. Apparatus for forming a novelty effect yarn having stableprotuberances along the length thereof comprising a friction false twistassembly carrying a friction element;

core yarn delivery means for supplying a core yarn at a first rate tosaid friction element of said friction false twist assembly;

effect yarn delivery means for supplying at least one effect yarn at asecond rate greater than said first rate to said friction element ofsaid friction false twist assembly; and

yarn supply means disposed between said effect and core yarn deliverymeans and said friction element of said friction false twist assemblyfor moving said effect and core yarns along substantially parallel,spaced paths through a supply zone to a parallel, spaced paths through asupply zone to a junction point for the core and effect yarns spacedfrom said friction element of said friction false twist assembly.

12. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 1 wherein said yarn supply meansincludes nozzle means directing a fluid stream along the path for saideffect yarn to main tain said effect yarn spaced from said core yarn inthe supply zone.

13. The apparatus as recited in claim 12 wherein said nozzle means has abore extending therethrough and air is forced through said bore.

14. The apparatus as recited in claim 13 wherein said nozzle means hasan aperture therein to receive said effect yarn and an outlet throughwhich said fluid stream and said effect yam are directed.

15. The apparatus as recited in claim 14 wherein said yarn supply meansincludes a guide for said core yarn connected with said nozzle means.

16. The apparatus as recited in claim 15 wherein said yarn supply meansincludes adjustable support means interconnecting said nozzle means andsaid guide for varying the spacing and rotational orientationtherebetween.

17. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 1 wherein said friction falsetwist assembly has a longitudinal axis of rotation and said yarn supplymeans has a longitudinal axis disposed at an angle between 60 andrelative to said longitudinal axis of rotation of said friction falsetwist assembly.

i I II i UNITED 'STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PatentNo- 3 756 ,005 Dated September 4, 1973 Invent Pierre Seguin It iscertified that error appears in the above-identified patent and thatsaid Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 8, line 36: delete "parallel,"

Column 8, line 37: delete "spaced paths through a supply zone tollSigned and sealed this 18th day of December 1973.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M. FLECTHER, JR. RENE D. TEGTMEYER Attesting Officer ActingCommissioner of Patents ".1. vb-T330 (10-50;

qscuM -u; Goals-Poe n us. coygm uzu r rngrinuc OFFICE was (tr-365d): -1x UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICYE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No.3,756,005 Dated September 4, 1.973

Inventor Pierre Seguin It is certified that error appears in theabove-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are herebycorrected as shown below:

In the heading, insert:

-- Claims priority, application France,

filed March'25, 1971, No. 71/ 10849 Signed and sealed this 19th day ofMarch 1974.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.PLETCHER,JR. C. MARSHALL DANN Attesting Officer Commissioner ofPatents

1. A process for producing a novelty effect yarn having stableprotuberances along the length thereof comprising the steps of feeding acore yarn to a friction false twist assembly through a supply zone alonga first path; feeding at least one effect yarn to the friction falsetwist assembly under low tension at a rate in excess of the feed rate ofthe core yarn through the supply zone along a second path in spaced,substantially parallel relation to the first path; joining the core andeffect yarns at a junction point upstream of the friction element of thefriction false twist assembly such that the effect yarn undergoes asudden change in direction from the second path to the junction point;and varying the distance between the junction point and the frictionelement of the friction false twist assembly.
 2. The process as recitedin claim 1 wherein said effect yarn feeding step includes feeding theeffect yarn at a tension less than 5g. and at a rate greater than 150percent in excess of the feeding rate of the core yarn.
 3. The processas recited in claim 1 wherein the first and second paths divergeslightly before the sudden change in direction of the effect yarn. 4.The process as recited in claim 3 wherein the first and second paths inthe supply zone are spaced by a distance on the order of 0.5cm.
 5. Theprocess as recited in claim 1 wherein the sudden change of direction ofthe effect yarn is through an angle from 60* to 120*.
 6. The process asrecited in claim 1 wherein the core and effect yarns are spaced in thesupply zone along a distance of at least 10cm. and the distance betweenthe junction point and the friction element of the friction false twistassembly is maintained greater than 1cm.
 7. The process as recited inclaim 1 wherein said core yarn feeding step includes moving the coreyarn along the first path in a straight line and said effect yarnfeeding step includes moving the effect yarn along the second path withirregular undulations.
 8. The process as recited in claim 7 wherein saideffect yarn feeding step includes carrying the effect yarn along thesecond path with a fluid stream.
 9. The process as recited in claim 8wherein the fluid stream is directed in parallel with the first path ofthe core yarn through the supply zone.
 10. The process as recited inclaim 8 wherein the fluid flow is directed at a slight angle away fromthe core yarn.
 11. Apparatus for forming a novelty effect yarn havingstable protuberances along the length thereof comprising a frictionfalse twist assembly carrying a friction element; core yarn deliverymeans for supplying a core yarn at a first rate to said friction elementof said friction false twist aSsembly; effect yarn delivery means forsupplying at least one effect yarn at a second rate greater than saidfirst rate to said friction element of said friction false twistassembly; and yarn supply means disposed between said effect and coreyarn delivery means and said friction element of said friction falsetwist assembly for moving said effect and core yarns along substantiallyparallel, spaced paths through a supply zone to a parallel, spaced pathsthrough a supply zone to a junction point for the core and effect yarnsspaced from said friction element of said friction false twist assembly.12. The apparatus as recited in claim 11 wherein said yarn supply meansincludes nozzle means directing a fluid stream along the path for saideffect yarn to maintain said effect yarn spaced from said core yarn inthe supply zone.
 13. The apparatus as recited in claim 12 wherein saidnozzle means has a bore extending therethrough and air is forced throughsaid bore.
 14. The apparatus as recited in claim 13 wherein said nozzlemeans has an aperture therein to receive said effect yarn and an outletthrough which said fluid stream And said effect yarn are directed. 15.The apparatus as recited in claim 14 wherein said yarn supply meansincludes a guide for said core yarn connected with said nozzle means.16. The apparatus as recited in claim 15 wherein said yarn supply meansincludes adjustable support means interconnecting said nozzle means andsaid guide for varying the spacing and rotational orientationtherebetween.
 17. The apparatus as recited in claim 11 wherein saidfriction false twist assembly has a longitudinal axis of rotation andsaid yarn supply means has a longitudinal axis disposed at an anglebetween 60* and 120* relative to said longitudinal axis of rotation ofsaid friction false twist assembly.